In this, the final report of the Transitions to College Project, researchers examine why disparities in access to higher education persist, despite decades of public and private initiatives to narrow gaps based on race, economic status, family background, disability, and other factors. To get to the bottom of this will take more research, particularly on programs to reach underserved students. The Social Science Research Council recommends researchers, practitioners, and policymakers work together to articulate and achieve goals for the postsecondary education system.